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- <text id=91TT0862>
- <title>
- Apr. 22, 1991: Mystery Of The Cosmic Monster
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 22, 1991 Nancy Reagan:Is She THAT Bad?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SPACE, Page 74
- Mystery of the Cosmic Monster
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Talk of a mammoth black hole is giving astronomers headaches
- </p>
- <p> Astronomers and physicists have learned repeatedly that the
- universe is more creative than they are. Time and again they
- have peered closely at the cosmos and discovered some object or
- phenomenon that they had never imagined could exist. The latest
- surprise came last week, and it forced scientists to drop
- whatever they were doing and scribble hurried calculations, even
- on napkins and scraps of envelopes. A report in the
- Astrophysical Journal claimed that something gigantic is hiding
- in the core of a distant galaxy called NGC 6240. Perhaps it is
- a black hole, a concentration of matter so dense that not even
- light can escape its powerful gravity. If so, it is more massive
- by far than any black hole ever detected. Or it may be something
- so bizarre that it does not fit into existing theories.
- </p>
- <p> The history of science is full of similar discoveries,
- some of which have revolutionized ideas about the universe and
- many of which turned out to be less than they had seemed. In
- the former category, for example, is the 1936 discovery of a
- new particle, the muon, an elementary particle similar to the
- electron but more massive. Existing theories had predicted no
- such thing, and its appearance greatly complicated high-energy
- physics. "Who ordered that?" grumbled theorist I.I. Rabi at the
- time. But the muon and its kin led eventually to a new
- understanding of the subatomic world.
- </p>
- <p> And then there are the breakthroughs that become
- embarrassments. Cold fusion is probably in this category. So is
- the discovery, reported two years ago, that under certain
- conditions a gyroscope weighs less when spun upside down. If
- that were true, it would force scientists to rewrite the laws
- of gravity.
- </p>
- <p> Now comes the mysterious phenomenon in NGC 6240. It was
- first spotted in 1986 by astronomers working with a University
- of Hawaii telescope, but they checked and rechecked their
- puzzling findings before finally publishing a report last week.
- At first blush, it looks temptingly revolutionary. The apparent
- object is invisible, detectable only by its gravitational pull
- on surrounding gases. Calculation pegs its mass at about 100
- billion times the mass of the sun, or about as much as the
- entire Milky Way. Yet it is squeezed into a mere 3,000
- light-years, only about one-thirtieth the diameter of the Milky
- Way. The mass could come from tightly packed stars, but then
- their light should be blazingly bright, contend the report's
- authors. The only other choices: a black hole of unprecedented
- proportions, or some even more peculiar form of matter.
- </p>
- <p> NGC 6240 is an abnormal galaxy though. In fact, it is
- really two galaxies in the process of colliding. The violence
- of the collision may account for the unexpected forces at work,
- rather than a black hole or some other strange object. And even
- if there is a great mass in the galaxy, it could be made of
- ordinary stars. All it would take to hide these would be a veil
- of dust.
- </p>
- <p> At an informal lunch last week, members of Princeton's
- prestigious astrophysics department checked their envelopes and
- napkins and gave this discovery a preliminary thumbs-down. They
- think a simple explanation for the mystery of NGC 6240 will be
- found. All would admit, however, that they have been surprised
- before--and will be again.
- </p>
- <p> By Michael D. Lemonick
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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